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Sehenswertes/Übersicht |
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Salzburg´s Developement to an Archiepiscopal Principality |
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| Salzburg´s Developement to an Archiepiscopal Principality. |
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| From St. Rupert ( † 718) to Hieronymus Graf von Colloredo († 1812). |
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On April 20, 798 Pope Leo III designated Salzburg as an archbishopric upon the request of Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Emperor. This made Salzburg sovereign over the old Bavarian dioceses of Regensburg, Freisung and Passau. Due to its thriving economy the episcopal sphere of influence was able to spread far to the east.
The Hungarian invasions (907-955) brought the Salzburg mission to a standstill in southern Moravia and western Hungary. The mission south of the main alpine range in Carinthia was, however, clearly crowned by success. Germanization went hand in hand with Christianization. During the 150-year quarrel between the pope and the emperor over personnel policies ("investiture controversy") Salzburg always remained true to the popal line. After the dispute was ended by the Concordat of Worms (1122) emphasis was consistently placed on a deep religious faith.
The secular territory (of the Salzburg bishopric) reached its peak under the prominent Archbishop Eberhard II (1200-1246). The region previously owned by the Bavarian duchy was severed from the duchy in 1228/1246. The archbishops also gained secular rule over the area which today encompasses the province of Salzburg and the so-called "Rupertiwinkel". The secular possessions also included scattered holdings in Carinthia, Bavaria and Lower Austria. The rich mineral resources consisting of salt, copper, gold and iron and the ensuing trade provided a secure economic basis. The small archiepiscopal principality was able to stand its own against the powerful Habsburg and Wittelsbach dynasties until the end of the Holy Roman Empire (1806).
This date also marked the end of the archbishops' reign. Salzburg was secularized and passed back and forth five times before finally being given over to Austria in 1816. The regions west of the Salzach River were ceded to Bavaria; the Brixental (between Kitzbühel and Wörgl), which had been part of Salzburg since 1389, was ceded to Tyrol. Not until 1850/1881 did Salzburg become a province of the monarchy with its own provincial government.
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